Art of impregnating or waterproofing materials



Aug 3 1926a A. s. ONEIL ART OF IHPRBGNATING 0R WATERPROOFING MATERIALS Filed Au ui 26, 1922 W \M W 6 mm mm a mm I M it: WW V u 1 mm 1 A M W @a 7 2 w W Hg;m M v X n 1%; I 1; w

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Patented! Aug. 3, 1926'.

UNITED STATES ARTHUR S1. ONEIL, O1: ALTON, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO WESTERN CARTRIDGE COH- I 1,594,375 PATENT OFFICE.

PANJY, OF EAST ALTON, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

ART OF IMPREGNATING OR WATERPROOFING MATERIALS.

Application filed August 26, 1922. Serial No. 584,480.

This invention relates t the: art of impregnating or water-proofing materials, and more particularly as applicable to paper or' composition tubes for use in the man ufacture of cartridges and for the purpose of water-proofing and fire-proofing the shells.

' The paper used in the manufacture of paper shells for cartridges is usually of cotton or flax and the fibres are hollow so that the material is porous; the voids contain not only air but also moisture and other volatile matter which must be eliminated before the impregnation can properly enter the material.

One of the objects of this invention, therefore, is to provide a process whereby the material will be so treated as to secure uniform and complete impregnation.

Another; object of this invention is to provide a process which is simple as well as effective, which is readily under the control of the operator, and whereby the impregnation will be effectively and efficiently accomplished.

Further objects will appear from the detail description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, which shows an apparatus adapted for carrying out the rocess embodying th s invention; it is to be understood, however, that this apparatus is only illustrative as the process may be carried out b a different apparatus and even by simp e manual manipulation.

In accordance with this invention the material is first immersed in a ot bath of the impregnation and is then transferred and immersed in a bath at a lower temperature. The impregnation is preferably molten parafiin with or without a small percentage of a higher organic acid or a natural wax or gum. The first bath is maintained above the boiling point of water, preferably from 230 F. to 260 F. This causes the air enclosed within the cells of the material to expand and leave the same until the maxi-#- which time substantially all of the air will have been expelled, so that the voids or cells will now be completely filled with vapor.

As soon as ebullition ceases, the article is quickly transferred to the bath of lower temperature, the second bath being maintained at a temperature from 160 F. to 185 F. The immersion of the material in this second bath causes the vapor to condense in the cells or voids, forming a partial vacuum therein so that the impregnation flows into these voids or cells sealing. the same. After the material has been sufiiciently long in the colder bath, it is withdrawn therefrom and allowed to drain.

It is im ortant that the material remain immersed 1n the hotter bath until ebullition ceases, in order that the air and other volatile matter, which does not readily condense will be driven off and replaced by vapor which will condense, since otherwise the desired reduction of pressure below atmospheric pressure in the cells or voids will not be obtained, so that the impregnation will not properly flow into and fill these voids. After this has, however, been accomplished the material should not be allowed to stand in the hot bath, for if this is permitted, the liquid pressure in the bath, which is higher than the vapor pressure in the material, will allow some of the paraflin to enter the same. This is undesirable since the flow in the colder batlr will then be somewhat obstructed.

In accordance with this invention the transfer from the hotter bath to the-colder bath is made quickly, so that any impregnation which may be on the surface of the material will not be allowed to harden and so that the air will not again be allowed to enter the cells before this material is immersed in the colder bath. Furthermore the material is maintained at a temperature during this transference sufficiently high to avoid any hardening or coagulation of the impregnation, and to avoid partial condense tion of the vapor and entrance of air in the cells or voids. Accordin ly, in order to ace complish this result the This chamber is, therefore, heated by the ml aths are not'only I placed closely adjacent, where transfer from '5 fer.

" addition is preferably use the chamber. an

thermore, this chamber provides an eflicient place where the material may be drained after it has been immersed and withdrawn from the colder bath.

In accordancewith this invention, as previously pointed out, a small percentage of a higher organic acid, such as stearic acid,

oleic acid, palmitic acid, etc. or waxes, such as carnauba, Montan, beeswax, rosin, etc. is added to the paraffin. 'The percentage of W the addition varies from two per cent (2%) to ten per cent (10%) and'it is introduced for the pu of thepara n at the temperature used, thus causing freer entrance ofthe same into the F material and also improving the waterproofing and fire-proofing gropertiesl The in the colder bath but it may be added to both baths.

Referring now to the accompanyin drawing, 1 and 2 designate tanks, each 0 which "is heated by any suitable means, such as steam coils 3, these tanks being arran to receive the impregnation, as previou y dev V scribed, and providin respectively the hotter and colder baths. ad'acent one another-and open into a casing ese tanks are placed 4 orming a chamber above and connecting the baths, and this chamber is provided with doors 5 and 6 re tively. Arranged within above the respective baths are carriers 7 and 8 which are sus nded by rods 9 and 10. and cables 11 and 12 from pulle s 13 and l i, these carriers being provide with counter-weights 15. and 16 re- .45' p ctively. These carriers are arranged to receive baskets 17 and 18 which carry the material which in this case consists of paper tubes 19.- Suitable latching devices 20 are provided for holdin the basket '18 in eleaw vated positionand be tween the. tanks-is a suitable support 21. I

, The operation of the apparatus will be obvious. The tank 1 is maintained at the higher temperature and the tank 28.1; the lower temperature. The basket 17 is then placed on the carrier 7, the door 5 closed and the carrier lowered to immerse the has ket and its contents in the tank 1. After ebullition has ceased, which can be observed the door 5, the carrier 7 is again raise until level with the carrier 8 and the basket-'17 is thenrmoved on to the carrier 8. The carrier 8, its basket and contents are then immersed in the-'im regnation in the tank 2 and after a Mutable period, which se of" increasing the fluidityv j temperature, the material being can readily be determined by the operator, the carrier 8 is raised and the basket placed on the latches 20 and allowed to drain in the chamber and into the tank 2. The basket is then removed.

It is obvious that various changes may be made in details without departing from the spirit of this invention; it is, therefore,

' prising, immersing the material in a hot impregnating bath, thereafter transferring the material to and immersing the same in a bath at a lower temperature, and applying heat to the material 'during such transfer, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

2. In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process comprising, immersing the material in a hot ath and transferring the material to and immersing the same in a bath at 'a lower passed throu h a heated chamber during such trans er, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

3. In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process comprising, immersing the material in a hot ath and transferring the material to and immersing the same in a bath at a lower temperature but in the same chamber, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4. In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process comrising, 1mmersing the material in a hot ath and transferring the material to and immersing the same in a bath at a lower temperature, the material being passed during such transfer through a chamber heated by the baths, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process comrising, immersing the material in a hot ath and transferring thematerial to and immersing the same in a bath at a lower temperature, and allowing the material to dram while being kept heated, as and for the purpose set forth. 6. In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process comprising, immersing the material. in a hot ath and transferring the material to and immersing the same in a bath at a lower temperature, and allowing. the material to drain in a chamber heated by the baths,

substantially substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

7. In the art of impregnating or waterpregnating bath until ebullition of the volaj is tile matter ceases, thereafter transferring the material to and immersing the same in a similar bath at a lower temperature, and applying heat to the material during such transfer, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

8. In the art of impregnating or'waterproofing porous materials, the process comprising, immersing the material in a hotimpregnating bath until ebullition of the volatile matter ceases, thereafter transferring the material quickly and before the impregnation can harden on the material, to and immersing the same in a similar bath at a lower temperature, andapplying heat to the material during such transfer, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

9 In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process co'mrising, immersing the material in a hot bath, transferring the material while being kept heated to another bath at a lower temperature and immersin the same therein, and draining the material while being kept heated, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

10. In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process com prising, immersing the material in a hot bath, transferring the material through a heated chamber to another bath at a lower temperature and immersing the. same there in, and drainin the material while being kept heated, su stantially as and for the purpose set forth.

11. In the art of impregnating or waterproofing porous materials, the process comprising, immersing the material in a hot bath and transferring the material to and immersing the same in a ba at a lower temperature, the material passing through a chamber heated by the baths, and draining the material in the chamber, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature this 19th day of July, 1922.

- ARTHUR S. ONEIL. 

